Расчётное значение одностороннего критерия Uрасч определяют по формуле
                      (1)
Здесь хср – среднее значение выборки, хс – сомнительное значение (максимальное или минимальное в выборке), s – выборочное среднеквадратическое отклонение (СКО), определяемое по формуле
где х> –элементы выборки, n – объём выборки.
Если Uрасч > Uтабл, сомнительное значение считают грубой ошибкой и исключают из выборки. После удаления грубой ошибки можно оценивать на выброс по тому же алгоритму другой элемент выборки при пересчёте среднего значения и выборочного СКО.
В табл. 4а.1 приведены табличные значения одностороннего критерия Uтабл, взятые из первоисточника [1].
Таблица 4а.1 - Табличные значения одностороннего критерия Граббса.
n | Уровень значимости | ||||
0,1 | 0,05 | 0,025 | 0,01 | 0,001 | |
3 | 1,148 | 1,153 | 1,155 | 1,155 | 1,155 |
4 | 1,425 | 1,463 | 1,481 | 1,492 | 1,499 |
5 | 1,602 | 1,672 | 1,715 | 1,749 | 1,780 |
6 | 1,729 | 1,822 | 1,887 | 1,944 | 2,011 |
7 | 1,828 | 1,938 | 2,020 | 2,097 | 2,201 |
8 | 1,909 | 2,032 | 2,126 | 2,221 | 2,358 |
9 | 1,977 | 2,110 | 2,215 | 2,323 | 2,492 |
10 | 2,036 | 2,176 | 2,290 | 2,410 | 2,606 |
11 | 2,088 | 2,234 | 2,355 | 2,485 | 2,705 |
12 | 2,134 | 2,285 | 2,412 | 2,550 | 2,791 |
13 | 2,175 | 2,331 | 2,462 | 2,607 | 2,867 |
14 | 2,213 | 2,371 | 2,507 | 2,659 | 2,935 |
15 | 2,247 | 2,409 | 2,549 | 2,705 | 2,997 |
16 | 2,279 | 2,443 | 2,585 | 2,747 | 3,052 |
17 | 2,309 | 2,475 | 2,620 | 2,785 | 3,103 |
18 | 2,335 | 2,504 | 2,651 | 2,821 | 3,149 |
19 | 2,361 | 2,532 | 2,681 | 2,854 | 3,191 |
20 | 2,385 | 2,557 | 2,709 | 2,884 | 3,230 |
21 | 2,408 | 2,580 | 2,733 | 2,912 | 3,266 |
22 | 2,429 | 2,603 | 2,758 | 2,939 | 3,300 |
23 | 2,448 | 2,624 | 2,781 | 2,963 | 3,332 |
24 | 2,467 | 2,644 | 2,802 | 2,987 | 3,362 |
25 | 2,486 | 2,663 | 2,822 | 3,009 | 3,389 |
26 | 2,502 | 2,681 | 2,841 | 3,029 | 3,415 |
27 | 2,519 | 2,698 | 2,859 | 3,049 | 3,440 |
28 | 2,534 | 2,714 | 2,876 | 3,068 | 3,464 |
29 | 2,549 | 2,730 | 2,893 | 3,085 | 3,486 |
30 | 2,563 | 2,745 | 2,908 | 3,103 | 3,507 |
31 | 2,577 | 2,759 | 2,924 | 3,119 | 3,528 |
32 | 2,591 | 2,773 | 2,938 | 3,135 | 3,546 |
33 | 2,604 | 2,786 | 2,952 | 3,150 | 3,565 |
34 | 2,616 | 2,799 | 2,965 | 3,164 | 3,582 |
35 | 2,628 | 2,811 | 2,979 | 3,178 | 3,599 |
36 | 2,639 | 2,823 | 2,991 | 3,191 | 3,616 |
37 | 2,65 | 2,835 | 3,003 | 3,204 | 3,631 |
38 | 2,661 | 2,846 | 3,014 | 3,216 | 3,646 |
39 | 2,671 | 2,857 | 3,025 | 3,228 | 3,660 |
40 | 2,682 | 2,866 | 3,036 | 3,240 | 3,673 |
41 | 2,692 | 2,877 | 3,046 | 3,251 | 3,687 |
42 | 2,700 | 2,887 | 3,057 | 3,261 | 3,700 |
43 | 2,710 | 2,896 | 3,067 | 3,271 | 3,712 |
44 | 2,719 | 2,905 | 3,075 | 3,282 | 3,724 |
45 | 2,727 | 2,914 | 3,085 | 3,292 | 3,736 |
46 | 2,736 | 2,923 | 3,094 | 3,302 | 3,747 |
47 | 2,744 | 2,931 | 3,103 | 3,310 | 3,757 |
48 | 2,753 | 2,940 | 3,111 | 3,319 | 3,768 |
49 | 2,760 | 2,948 | 3,120 | 3,329 | 3,779 |
50 | 2,768 | 2,956 | 3,128 | 3,336 | 3,789 |
51 | 2,775 | 2,964 | 3,136 | 3,345 | 3,798 |
52 | 2,783 | 2,971 | 3,143 | 3,353 | 3,808 |
53 | 2,790 | 2,978 | 3,151 | 3,361 | 3,816 |
54 | 2,798 | 2,986 | 3,158 | 3,368 | 3,825 |
55 | 2,804 | 2,992 | 3,166 | 3,376 | 3,834 |
56 | 2,811 | 3,000 | 3,172 | 3,383 | 3,842 |
57 | 2,818 | 3,006 | 3,180 | 3,391 | 3,851 |
58 | 2,824 | 3,013 | 3,186 | 3,397 | 3,858 |
59 | 2,831 | 3,019 | 3,193 | 3,405 | 3,867 |
60 | 2,837 | 3,025 | 3,199 | 3,411 | 3,874 |
61 | 2,842 | 3,032 | 3,205 | 3,418 | 3,882 |
62 | 2,849 | 3,037 | 3,212 | 3,424 | 3,889 |
63 | 2,854 | 3,044 | 3,218 | 3,430 | 3,896 |
64 | 2,860 | 3,049 | 3,224 | 3,437 | 3,903 |
65 | 2,866 | 3,055 | 3,230 | 3,442 | 3,910 |
66 | 2,871 | 3,061 | 3,235 | 3,449 | 3,917 |
67 | 2,875 | 3,066 | 3,241 | 3,454 | 3,923 |
68 | 2,880 | 3,071 | 3,246 | 3,460 | 3,930 |
69 | 2,888 | 3,076 | 3,252 | 3,466 | 3,936 |
70 | 2,893 | 3,082 | 3,257 | 3,471 | 3,942 |
71 | 2,897 | 3,087 | 3,262 | 3,476 | 3,948 |
72 | 2,903 | 3,092 | 3,267 | 3,482 | 3,954 |
73 | 2,908 | 3,098 | 3,272 | 3,487 | 3,960 |
74 | 2,912 | 3,102 | 3,278 | 3,492 | 3,965 |
75 | 2,917 | 3,107 | 3,282 | 3,496 | 3,971 |
76 | 2,922 | 3,111 | 3,287 | 3,502 | 3,977 |
77 | 2,927 | 3,117 | 3,291 | 3,507 | 3,982 |
78 | 2,931 | 3,121 | 3,297 | 3,511 | 3,987 |
79 | 2,935 | 3,125 | 3,301 | 3,516 | 3,992 |
80 | 2,940 | 3,130 | 3,305 | 3,521 | 3,998 |
81 | 2,945 | 3,134 | 3,309 | 3,525 | 4,002 |
82 | 2,949 | 3,139 | 3,315 | 3,529 | 4,007 |
83 | 2,953 | 3,143 | 3,319 | 3,534 | 4,012 |
84 | 2,957 | 3,147 | 3,323 | 3,539 | 4,017 |
85 | 2,961 | 3,151 | 3,327 | 3,543 | 4,021 |
86 | 2,966 | 3,155 | 3,331 | 3,547 | 4,026 |
87 | 2,970 | 3,160 | 3,335 | 3,551 | 4,031 |
88 | 2,973 | 3,163 | 3,339 | 3,555 | 4,035 |
89 | 2,977 | 3,167 | 3,343 | 3,559 | 4,039 |
90 | 2,981 | 3,171 | 3,347 | 3,563 | 4,044 |
91 | 2,984 | 3,174 | 3,350 | 3,567 | 4,049 |
92 | 2,989 | 3,179 | 3,355 | 3,570 | 4,053 |
93 | 2,993 | 3,182 | 3,358 | 3,575 | 4,057 |
94 | 2,996 | 3,186 | 3,362 | 3,579 | 4,060 |
95 | 3,000 | 3,189 | 3,365 | 3,582 | 4,064 |
96 | 3,003 | 3,193 | 3,369 | 3,586 | 4,069 |
97 | 3,007 | 3,196 | 3,372 | 3,589 | 4,073 |
98 | 3,011 | 3,201 | 3,377 | 3,593 | 4,076 |
99 | 3,014 | 3,204 | 3,380 | 3,597 | 4,080 |
100 | 3,017 | 3,207 | 3,383 | 3,600 | 4,084 |
101 | 3,021 | 3,210 | 3,386 | 3,603 | 4,088 |
102 | 3,024 | 3,214 | 3,390 | 3,607 | 4,092 |
103 | 3,027 | 3,217 | 3,393 | 3,610 | 4,095 |
104 | 3,030 | 3,220 | 3,397 | 3,614 | 4,098 |
105 | 3,033 | 3,224 | 3,400 | 3,617 | 4,102 |
106 | 3,037 | 3,227 | 3,403 | 3,620 | 4,105 |
107 | 3,040 | 3,230 | 3,406 | 3,623 | 4,109 |
108 | 3,043 | 3,233 | 3,409 | 3,626 | 4,112 |
109 | 3,046 | 3,236 | 3,412 | 3,629 | 4,116 |
110 | 3,049 | 3,239 | 3,415 | 3,632 | 4,119 |
111 | 3,052 | 3,242 | 3,418 | 3,636 | 4,122 |
112 | 3,055 | 3,245 | 3,422 | 3,639 | 4,125 |
113 | 3,058 | 3,248 | 3,424 | 3,642 | 4,129 |
114 | 3,061 | 3,251 | 3,427 | 3,645 | 4,132 |
115 | 3,064 | 3,254 | 3,430 | 3,647 | 4,135 |
116 | 3,067 | 3,257 | 3,433 | 3,650 | 4,138 |
117 | 3,070 | 3,259 | 3,435 | 3,653 | 4,141 |
118 | 3,073 | 3,262 | 3,438 | 3,656 | 4,144 |
119 | 3,075 | 3,265 | 3,441 | 3,659 | 4,147 |
120 | 3,078 | 3,267 | 3,444 | 3,662 | 4,150 |
121 | 3,081 | 3,270 | 3,447 | 3,665 | 4,153 |
122 | 3,083 | 3,273 | 3,450 | 3,667 | 4,156 |
123 | 3,086 | 3,276 | 3,452 | 3,670 | 4,159 |
124 | 3,089 | 3,279 | 3,455 | 3,672 | 4,161 |
125 | 3,092 | 3,281 | 3,457 | 3,675 | 4,164 |
126 | 3,095 | 3,284 | 3,460 | 3,677 | 4,166 |
127 | 3,097 | 3,286 | 3,462 | 3,680 | 4,169 |
128 | 3,100 | 3,289 | 3,465 | 3,683 | 4,172 |
129 | 3,102 | 3,291 | 3,467 | 3,686 | 4,175 |
130 | 3,104 | 3,294 | 3,470 | 3,688 | 4,178 |
131 | 3,107 | 3,296 | 3,473 | 3,690 | 4,180 |
132 | 3,109 | 3,298 | 3,475 | 3,693 | 4,183 |
133 | 3,112 | 3,302 | 3,478 | 3,695 | 4,185 |
134 | 3,114 | 3,304 | 3,480 | 3,697 | 4,188 |
135 | 3,116 | 3,306 | 3,482 | 3,700 | 4,190 |
136 | 3,119 | 3,309 | 3,484 | 3,702 | 4,193 |
137 | 3,122 | 3,311 | 3,487 | 3,704 | 4,196 |
138 | 3,124 | 3,313 | 3,489 | 3,707 | 4,198 |
139 | 3,126 | 3,315 | 3,491 | 3,710 | 4,200 |
140 | 3,129 | 3,318 | 3,493 | 3,712 | 4,203 |
141 | 3,131 | 3,320 | 3,497 | 3,714 | 4,205 |
142 | 3,133 | 3,322 | 3,499 | 3,716 | 4,207 |
143 | 3,135 | 3,324 | 3,501 | 3,719 | 4,209 |
144 | 3,138 | 3,326 | 3,503 | 3,721 | 4,212 |
145 | 3,140 | 3,328 | 3,505 | 3,723 | 4,214 |
146 | 3,142 | 3,331 | 3,507 | 3,725 | 4,216 |
147 | 3,144 | 3,334 | 3,509 | 3,727 | 4,219 |
По двустороннему критерию расчётная формула отличается от (1) тем, что находят модуль максимальной из разностей между крайними значениями вариационного ряда и средним арифметическим выборки:
Uрасч = max(|xi - xср|)/s
В табл. 4а.2 по данным [2] приведены табличные значения двустороннего критерия Uтабл.Таблица 4а.2 - Табличные значения двустороннего критерия Граббса.
n |
Уровень
значимости |
||||||
0,3 |
0,2 |
0,1 |
0,05 |
0,02 |
0,01 |
0,005 |
|
3 |
1,140 |
1,148 |
1,153 |
1,154 |
1,155 |
1,155 |
1,155 |
4 |
1,387 |
1,425 |
1,462 |
1,481 |
1,492 |
1,496 |
1,498 |
5 |
1,543 |
1,602 |
1,671 |
1,715 |
1,749 |
1,764 |
1,773 |
6 |
1,656 |
1,729 |
1,822 |
1,887 |
1,944 |
1,973 |
1,993 |
7 |
1,746 |
1,828 |
1,938 |
2,020 |
2,097 |
2,139 |
2,170 |
8 |
1,821 |
1,909 |
2,032 |
2,127 |
2,221 |
2,274 |
2,316 |
9 |
1,884 |
1,977 |
2,110 |
2,215 |
2,323 |
2,386 |
2,438 |
10 |
1,939 |
2,036 |
2,176 |
2,290 |
2,410 |
2,482 |
2,542 |
11 |
1,987 |
2,088 |
2,234 |
2,355 |
2,484 |
2,564 |
2,631 |
12 |
2,030 |
2,134 |
2,285 |
2,412 |
2,550 |
2,636 |
2,709 |
13 |
2,069 |
2,175 |
2,331 |
2,462 |
2,607 |
2,699 |
2,778 |
14 |
2,104 |
2,212 |
2,372 |
2,507 |
2,658 |
2,755 |
2,840 |
15 |
2,137 |
2,246 |
2,409 |
2,549 |
2,705 |
2,806 |
2,895 |
16 |
2,167 |
2,278 |
2,443 |
2,586 |
2,747 |
2,852 |
2,945 |
17 |
2,194 |
2,307 |
2,475 |
2,620 |
2,786 |
2,894 |
2,991 |
18 |
2,220 |
2,334 |
2,504 |
2,652 |
2,821 |
2,932 |
3,033 |
19 |
2,244 |
2,359 |
2,531 |
2,681 |
2,853 |
2,968 |
3,070 |
20 |
2,267 |
2,383 |
2,556 |
2,708 |
2,884 |
3,001 |
3,106 |
21 |
2,288 |
2,405 |
2,580 |
2,734 |
2,912 |
3,031 |
3,139 |
22 |
2,308 |
2,426 |
2,602 |
2,758 |
2,939 |
3,060 |
3,170 |
23 |
2,327 |
2,445 |
2,623 |
2,781 |
2,964 |
3,087 |
3,198 |
24 |
2,345 |
2,464 |
2,643 |
2,801 |
2,986 |
3,111 |
3,225 |
25 |
2,362 |
2,482 |
2,662 |
2,822 |
3,009 |
3,135 |
3,251 |
26 |
2,379 |
2,499 |
2,680 |
2,841 |
3,029 |
3,157 |
3,275 |
27 |
2,395 |
2,515 |
2,697 |
2,859 |
3,050 |
3,179 |
3,297 |
28 |
2,409 |
2,530 |
2,713 |
2,876 |
3,067 |
3,198 |
3,318 |
29 |
2,424 |
2,545 |
2,729 |
2,893 |
3,085 |
3,217 |
3,338 |
30 |
2,438 |
2,559 |
2,744 |
2,908 |
3,103 |
3,236 |
3,358 |
31 |
2,451 |
2,573 |
2,758 |
2,923 |
3,119 |
3,253 |
3,376 |
32 |
2,464 |
2,586 |
2,772 |
2,938 |
3,135 |
3,269 |
3,394 |
33 |
2,476 |
2,599 |
2,785 |
2,952 |
3,149 |
3,285 |
3,411 |
34 |
2,488 |
2,611 |
2,798 |
2,965 |
3,164 |
3,300 |
3,427 |
35 |
2,499 |
2,623 |
2,810 |
2,978 |
3,178 |
3,315 |
3,443 |
36 |
2,510 |
2,634 |
2,822 |
2,990 |
3,191 |
3,329 |
3,457 |
37 |
2,521 |
2,645 |
2,833 |
3,002 |
3,204 |
3,343 |
3,471 |
38 |
2,531 |
2,656 |
2,845 |
3,014 |
3,216 |
3,355 |
3,486 |
39 |
2,542 |
2,666 |
2,855 |
3,025 |
3,228 |
3,368 |
3,499 |
40 |
2,551 |
2,676 |
2,865 |
3,036 |
3,239 |
3,380 |
3,512 |
41 |
2,561 |
2,685 |
2,875 |
3,046 |
3,250 |
3,392 |
3,524 |
42 |
2,570 |
2,695 |
2,885 |
3,056 |
3,261 |
3,403 |
3,536 |
43 |
2,579 |
2,704 |
2,894 |
3,066 |
3,272 |
3,415 |
3,547 |
44 |
2,588 |
2,713 |
2,904 |
3,075 |
3,282 |
3,425 |
3,559 |
45 |
2,596 |
2,721 |
2,913 |
3,085 |
3,291 |
3,435 |
3,570 |
46 |
2,604 |
2,730 |
2,921 |
3,094 |
3,301 |
3,445 |
3,580 |
47 |
2,612 |
2,738 |
2,930 |
3,102 |
3,310 |
3,455 |
3,591 |
48 |
2,620 |
2,746 |
2,938 |
3,111 |
3,319 |
3,464 |
3,600 |
49 |
2,628 |
2,754 |
2,946 |
3,119 |
3,328 |
3,473 |
3,610 |
50 |
2,636 |
2,761 |
2,954 |
3,128 |
3,336 |
3,482 |
3,618 |
51 |
2,643 |
2,769 |
2,961 |
3,135 |
3,345 |
3,491 |
3,629 |
52 |
2,650 |
2,776 |
2,969 |
3,143 |
3,353 |
3,500 |
3,636 |
53 |
2,657 |
2,784 |
2,976 |
3,150 |
3,361 |
3,508 |
3,645 |
54 |
2,664 |
2,790 |
2,983 |
3,158 |
3,368 |
3,515 |
3,654 |
55 |
2,671 |
2,797 |
2,990 |
3,165 |
3,375 |
3,523 |
3,661 |
56 |
2,677 |
2,804 |
2,997 |
3,172 |
3,383 |
3,531 |
3,669 |
57 |
2,684 |
2,810 |
3,004 |
3,179 |
3,390 |
3,538 |
3,677 |
58 |
2,690 |
2,817 |
3,010 |
3,185 |
3,397 |
3,545 |
3,685 |
59 |
2,696 |
2,823 |
3,017 |
3,192 |
3,404 |
3,553 |
3,693 |
60 |
2,702 |
2,829 |
3,023 |
3,198 |
3,411 |
3,560 |
3,700 |
61 |
2,708 |
2,835 |
3,029 |
3,205 |
3,417 |
3,566 |
3,707 |
62 |
2,714 |
2,841 |
3,035 |
3,211 |
3,424 |
3,573 |
3,713 |
63 |
2,720 |
2,847 |
3,041 |
3,217 |
3,430 |
3,579 |
3,720 |
64 |
2,726 |
2,853 |
3,047 |
3,223 |
3,436 |
3,586 |
3,727 |
65 |
2,731 |
2,858 |
3,052 |
3,228 |
3,442 |
3,592 |
3,733 |
66 |
2,736 |
2,863 |
3,058 |
3,234 |
3,448 |
3,598 |
3,739 |
67 |
2,742 |
2,869 |
3,064 |
3,240 |
3,454 |
3,604 |
3,746 |
68 |
2,747 |
2,874 |
3,069 |
3,245 |
3,459 |
3,610 |
3,752 |
69 |
2,752 |
2,879 |
3,074 |
3,251 |
3,465 |
3,616 |
3,758 |
70 |
2,757 |
2,885 |
3,079 |
3,256 |
3,470 |
3,622 |
3,764 |
71 |
2,762 |
2,890 |
3,084 |
3,261 |
3,476 |
3,627 |
3,769 |
72 |
2,767 |
2,895 |
3,090 |
3,266 |
3,481 |
3,632 |
3,775 |
73 |
2,772 |
2,899 |
3,094 |
3,271 |
3,487 |
3,638 |
3,781 |
74 |
2,777 |
2,904 |
3,099 |
3,276 |
3,492 |
3,643 |
3,786 |
75 |
2,781 |
2,909 |
3,104 |
3,281 |
3,496 |
3,648 |
3,791 |
76 |
2,786 |
2,914 |
3,109 |
3,286 |
3,501 |
3,653 |
3,797 |
77 |
2,791 |
2,918 |
3,113 |
3,290 |
3,506 |
3,658 |
3,802 |
78 |
2,795 |
2,923 |
3,118 |
3,295 |
3,511 |
3,663 |
3,807 |
79 |
2,800 |
2,927 |
3,123 |
3,300 |
3,516 |
3,667 |
3,812 |
80 |
2,804 |
2,931 |
3,127 |
3,304 |
3,521 |
3,672 |
3,816 |
81 |
2,808 |
2,936 |
3,131 |
3,309 |
3,525 |
3,677 |
3,822 |
82 |
2,813 |
2,940 |
3,135 |
3,313 |
3,529 |
3,682 |
3,827 |
83 |
2,817 |
2,944 |
3,140 |
3,317 |
3,534 |
3,686 |
3,831 |
84 |
2,821 |
2,948 |
3,144 |
3,321 |
3,538 |
3,690 |
3,835 |
85 |
2,825 |
2,953 |
3,148 |
3,326 |
3,542 |
3,695 |
3,840 |
86 |
2,829 |
2,957 |
3,152 |
3,330 |
3,547 |
3,699 |
3,845 |
87 |
2,833 |
2,960 |
3,156 |
3,334 |
3,551 |
3,704 |
3,849 |
88 |
2,837 |
2,964 |
3,160 |
3,338 |
3,555 |
3,708 |
3,853 |
89 |
2,841 |
2,968 |
3,164 |
3,342 |
3,559 |
3,712 |
3,857 |
90 |
2,845 |
2,972 |
3,168 |
3,346 |
3,562 |
3,715 |
3,861 |
91 |
2,848 |
2,976 |
3,171 |
3,350 |
3,567 |
3,720 |
3,865 |
92 |
2,852 |
2,980 |
3,175 |
3,353 |
3,571 |
3,724 |
3,870 |
93 |
2,856 |
2,983 |
3,179 |
3,357 |
3,574 |
3,728 |
3,874 |
94 |
2,859 |
2,987 |
3,183 |
3,361 |
3,578 |
3,731 |
3,877 |
95 |
2,863 |
2,990 |
3,186 |
3,365 |
3,582 |
3,735 |
3,882 |
96 |
2,866 |
2,994 |
3,190 |
3,368 |
3,586 |
3,740 |
3,885 |
97 |
2,870 |
2,998 |
3,193 |
3,371 |
3,589 |
3,742 |
3,889 |
98 |
2,873 |
3,001 |
3,197 |
3,375 |
3,592 |
3,746 |
3,892 |
99 |
2,877 |
3,005 |
3,200 |
3,378 |
3,596 |
3,750 |
3,896 |
100 |
2,880 |
3,008 |
3,204 |
3,382 |
3,600 |
3,754 |
3,900 |